Impulse motor

ABSTRACT

A impulse motor comprises a rotatable cylinder with a cavity containing a liquid, a rotatable anvil and a sealing member being movably mounted in the cavity for cyclically passing a sealing position therein during relative rotations between the cylinder and anvil, in which sealing position the sealing member separates a chamber in the cavity disposed between the cylinder and anvil and of decreasing liquid volume during continued rotation of the cylinder. The impulse motor has a relief valve in the cylinder and means for controlling the relief valve in dependence upon the rotation of said cylinder for keeping during subsequent passages of said sealing member past said sealing position firstly at least once in sequence the said chamber open in said cavity for permitting acceleration of the cylinder during more than one revolution thereof and thereupon closed for producing a pressure impulse in said chamber active to rotate the anvil.

United States Patent Schoeps 1 June 27, 1972 541 IMPULSE Moron [72] Inventor: Knut Christian Schoeps, Nacka, Sweden [73] Assignee: Atlas Copco Aktlebolag, Nacka, Sweden [22] Filed: Feb. 24, 1970 211 Appl. No.2 13,283

[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Feb. 28, 1969 Sweden ..2842/69 [52] US. Cl ..64/26, 173/93 [51] ..F16d 3/80, B25d 15/00 [58] Field oiSearch ..4l8/164, 196; 91/59, 460; 173/93; 64/26; 60/53 L [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,221,515 12/1965 Brown et a1 ..64/26 3,263,426 8/1966 Skoog ..64/26 X 3,334,487 8/1967 Pauley ..64/26 3,116,617 l/1964 Skoog ...64/26 3,196,636 7/1965 Piatt et al.... ...64/26 3,210,961 10/1965 Skoog et a1. ..64/26 3,210,963 10/ 1965 Burnett ..64/26 3,292,369 12/ 1966 Skoog et al. ..64/26 X Primary Examiner-C. J. l-lusar Assistant Examiner-John J. Vrablik Attorney-Bauer and Goodman [57] ABSTRACT A impulse motor comprises a rotatable-cylinder with a cavity containing a liquid, a rotatable anvil and a sealing member being movably mounted in the cavity for cyclically passing a sealing position therein during relative rotations between the cylinder and anvil, in which sealing position the sealing member separates a chamber in the cavity disposed between the cylinder and anvil and of decreasingliquid volume during continued rotation of the cylinder. The impulse motor has a relief valve in the cylinder and means for controlling the relief valve in dependence upon the rotation of said cylinder for keeping during subsequent passages of said sealing member past said sealing position firstly at least once in sequence the said chamber open in said cavity for permitting acceleration of the cylinder during more than one revolution thereof and thereupon closed for producing a pressure impulse in said chamber active to rotate the anvil.

15 Claims, 22 Drawing Figures PATENTEDJUNN m2 SHEET 0F 4 Fig; 72

76 Fig. /3b

IMPULSE MOTOR This invention relates to impulse motors and more particularly to impulse motors incorporating a rotatable cylinder with a cavity containing a liquid, a rotatable anvil and a sealing member being movably mounted in the cavity for cyclically passing a sealing position therein during relative rotations between the cylinder and anvil, in which sealing position the sealing member separates a chamber in the cavity disposed between the cylinder and anvil and of decreasing liquid volume during continued rotation of the cylinder. When the chamber in the sealing position of the sealing member is closed off relative to the cavity, a pressure impulse is generated in the liquid trapped in the chamber. The pressure impulse is usually used for transmitting torque impulses from the cylinder to the anvil, for example for tightening or loosening of fastening means such as nuts and screws. As an alternative the pressure impulses may be led from the chamber hydraulically on to an impact or vibration motor which may be used for a multitude of technical purposes.

Normally, hitherto existing impulse motors have been designed for delivering one pressure impulse per cylinder revolution, the cylinder being retarded for generating an impulse each time the sealing member and the cylinder pass the sealing position. Thus, upon each impulse there may be had a maximum turn of only 360 for the acceleration of the cylinder which at given dimensions limits the largeness of the impulses generated. If it is desired to increase the impulse above the limit value, it will be necessary to increase the dimensions and the weight of the impulse motor and of the driving means thereof. In a prior suggestion to design the impulse motor with coacting gear rotors the possibility to deliver the pressure impulse after multiple revolutions of the cylinder has been contemplated but the suggestion failed to mature into a practically useful technical solution. It is thus a primary object ofthe invention to provide an impulse motor which in practically efficient way realizes the principle to extend the acceleration phase of the cylinder over more than one revolution of the cylinder so that a powerful delivery of impulses is paired with decreased weight and increased ease in handling of the impulse motor. Another object of the invention is to secure safe function of the impact motor in a simple and reliable way by the use of a cyclically controlled relief valve.

' For the above and other purposes there is according to the invention provided an impulse motor comprising a rotatable cylinder, a cavity in said cylinder containing a liquid, a rotatable anvil in said cavity, a sealing member movably mounted in said cavity for cyclically passing a sealing position therein during relative rotations between said cylinder and anvil in which sealing position said sealing member separates a chamber in said cavity disposed between said cylinder and anvil and of decreasing liquid volume during continued rotation of said cylinder, a relief valve in said cavity, and means controlling said relief valve in dependence upon the rotation of said cylinder for keeping during subsequent passages of said sealing member past said sealing position firstly at least once in sequence said chamber open in said cavity and thereupon closed for producing a pressure impulse in said chamber active to rotate said anvil.

The above and other purposes of the invention will become obvious from the following description and from the accompanying drawings in which four embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of example. It should be understood that these embodiments are only illustrative of the invention and that various modifications thereof may be made within the scope of the appended claims.

In the drawings FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of an impulse motor made according to the invention.

FIG. 2 is a fragmentary section on the line 2-2 in FIG. 1.

' FIG. 3 is a fragmentary longitudinal section on the line 3-3 through the anvil of the impulse motor in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4a -4d are sections on the line 4-4 in FIG. 1 in four different positions of the main parts of the impulse motor illustrating a working cycle during which a pressure impulse is delivered every second revolution.

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal section through an impulse motor according to a modified embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 6 is a fragmentary section on the line 6-6 in FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is a fragmentary section on the line 7-7 in FIG. 5.

FIG. 80-84! are sections on the line 8-8 in FIG. 5 in four different positions of the main parts of the impulse motor illustrating a working cycle with delivery of pressure impulses every second revolution.

FIG. 9 is a longitudinal section through an impulse motor according to another embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 10 is a section on the line 10-10 in FIG. 9.

FIG. Ila-11c are sections on the line 11-11 in FIG. 9 in three different positions of the main parts of the impulse motor illustrating a working cycle with pressure impulse delivery every third revolution.

FIG. 12 is a longitudinal section through a further modification of the invention.

FIG. 13a-13b show fragmentary sections on the line 13- 13 in FIG. 12 in two different positions of the main parts of the impulse motor illustrating a working cycle with pressure impulse delivery every second revolution or alternatively every fourth revolution.

In the embodiment of FIGS. l-4 the impulse motor 15 comprises a cylinder 15 which together with front and rear cover pieces 16, 17 is tightened within a sleeve shaped housing 19 against a front abutment 20 by means of a screw ring 18.

An anvil 21 is rotatably joumalled coaxially in the cylinder 15. The opposite ends of the anvil 21 are sealingly and rotatably guided in recesses 22, 23 in the respective cover pieces 16, 17. The anvil 21 projects with a spindle 24 out through the front cover piece 16 and carries a polygonal end portion 25 for cooperan'on with a socket wrench, not shown.

The anvil has a deep recess 26 bounded by cylindrical portions of the anvil 21 which are providedwith coaxial journal bearings 27 for a sealing member rotatably joumalled in the recess 26 and in the shape of a sealing rotor 28 with diametrically opposed wings 29, 30. During rotation of the sealing rotor 28 the wings 29, 30 are arranged one after the other to sealingly sweep past the bottom of the recess 26, FIGS. 4b and 4d, respectively, at which instant the opposite wing 29 or 30, respectively, projects radially out beyond the periphery of the anvil 21. The sealing rotor 28 is non-rotatably affixed to an axle 31 which is received rotatably by the journal bearings 27. In the axle 31 is provided a valve seat 32 in association with cross passages 33, 34 which via the valve seat connect the opposite sides of the sealing rotor 28 oppositely of the wings 29, 30 with one another. Check valve means 35 provide a relief valve which coacts with the valve seat 32 within the sealing rotor 28.

The rear cover piece 17 carries a pivot 37 by means of which the impulse motor 15 including the housing 19 and cylinder 15 thereof are set into rotation with respect to the anvil 21. Such rotation is provided by means of a suitable motor, not shown, which is carried within an outer housing 38 in which the impulse motor is supported rotatably by said motor and by the spindle 24 of the anvil 21 rotatably joumalled in the front portion of the outer housing 38 and projecting therefrom. In the interior of the rear cover piece 17 is fixed a central drive gear 39 which is in engagement with an intermediate gear 41 rotatably joumalled on a pivot 40 on the rear end of the anvil 21. The intermediate gear 41 is in engagement with a gear 42 wedged to the axle 31 of the sealing rotor 28. By reason of the gear ratio in the gear drive provided by the gears 39, 41, 42 being chosen equal to 2, two revolutions of the gear 39, the rear cover piece 17, and the cylinder 15 will, with the anvil 21 immovable, result in one revolution of the gear 42, the axle 31, and the sealing rotor 28.

The cylinder 151 in which the anvil 21 is coaxially rotatably joumalled in the recesses 22, 23 of the cover pieces 16, 17, encloses the anvil by a ring shaped cavity 43 which is interrupted by a high axial ridge 44. The ridge 44 coacts sealingly with the cylindrical back portion of the anvil 21 FIGS. 4b, 4d. In the cavity 43 which is filled by liquid such as oil, there is diametrically at opposite side of the ridge 44 arranged a low ridge 45.

The latter is adapted for sealing coaction with the wings 29, 30 of the sealing rotor 28 FIGS. 4b, 4d. During rotation of the cylinder relative to the anvil 21, the anvil 21 and the sealing rotor 28 will cyclically pass a sealing position in which the high ridge 44 seals against the back portion of the anvil 21 simultaneously with the low ridge 45 sealing against one of the wings 29, 30 on the sealing rotor 28, the other wing also simultaneously sealing against the bottom of the recess 26. In the sealing position the cavity 43 is divided into two chambers 43, 43", one of them, 43, leading the high ridge 44 in the rotational direction and the other chamber 43 trailing said ridge 44. In the sealing position there is present a valve controlled connection between the chambers 43, 43" consisting of a bore 46, FIG. 3, a bore 49 intersecting the latter and arranged coaxially in the spindle 24 and having an inner abutment 52 against which a ball valve 47 is urged by a spring 48. The bore 49 is closed within the spindle portion 24 by a set screw 50 by aid of which the length of the spring 48 and thus the tension thereof may be set and the bore 49 communicates via a canted bore 51 with the chamber 43"..

When the impulse motor 15 is to be used, the socket wrench carried on the polygonal end portion 25 is applied on the nut to be tightened while the outer housing 38 is sustained by a suitable handle, not shown, and the motor thereof is started. The rotation is transmitted to the pivot 37 and the cylinder 15 of the impulse motor 15 and if the nut is sitting loosely, it will be driven down against the support by the torque applied against the anvil 21 through friction in the impulse motor 15 until the anvil 21 stalls because of the resistance to movement. The cylinder 15 on the other hand continues its rotation and the ridges 44, 45 thereof will rotate around the anvil 21 simultaneously with the gear drive 39, 41, 42 of the rear cover piece 17 forcing the sealing rotor 28 to rotate with half the velocity of the anvil 21 andthe ridges 44, 45. Let it be supposed that this cyclical movement first passes the position of FIG. 40 upon clockwise rotation from a previously taken sealing position. Upon somewhat more than a further half revolution of the cylinder 15 clockwise to the position in FIG. 4b, the anvil 21 and the sealing rotor 28 will again take sealing position in the cylinder 15'. The ridge 44 strives in such position during continued rotation to decrease the volume of the chamber 43 and to increase the volume of chamber 43". By reason thereof, liquid from the chamber 43 is moved through the cross-passages 33, 34 past the check valve means35 on to the chamber 43 causing no or only a slight increase of pressure in the chamber 43 and a negligible torque transmission, as such insufficient for overcoming the resistance to movement of the nut. During continued rotation for a further half revolution the position in FIG. 4c is passed at which instant the ridge 44 passes the sealing rotor 28 without hindrance of the wings thereof. A sealing position is again reached in FIG. 4d. With respect to FIG. 4b the sealing rotor 28 in the position of FIG. 4d has turned 180 and followingly the check valve means 35 will close for fluid flow from the passages 34 to the passage 33. By reason thereof the chamber 43 is closed off with respect to chamber 43 and the rotation of the cylinder 15 is abruptly retarded by the liquid trapped in the chamber 43 so that a powerful pressure impulse is generated. The resulting torque impulse caused thereby is applied against the anvil 21 by the action of the liquid pressure pulse thereagainst and against the sealing rotor 28. The maximum value of said pressure impulse is adjustable by the aid of the ball valve 47, FIG. 3. By adjustment of the tension of spring 48 the ball valve 47 will open at the desired maximum pressure level in the chamber 43 for fluid flow via the bores 46, 49, 51 on to the chamber 43. This overflow as well as the leakage around the anvil 21 and the sealing rotor 28 prevents the rotation of the cylinder 15 from being entirely stopped. The sealing position in FIG. 4d will thus be passed anda new pressure impulse cycle is started by acceleration of the cylinder 15 and the impulse cycle depicted in FIGS. 44-44! will be repeated. Thanks to the possibility to accelerate the cylinder 15 through nearly two full revolutions there are produced powerful pressure impulses without significant increase in weight and dimensions of the impulse motor.

Due to the symmetrical construction of the impulse motor 15, if the direction of rotation of the cylinder 15 is reversed pressure impulses are produced in a manner analogous to that described hereinbefore but in the opposite direction each second revolution during such reverse rotation. During such reverse rotation, however, the impact torque cannot be adjusted because the overflow via valve 47 is blocked by the latter acting as a check valve. Therefore, the uncontrolled maximum torque of the impulse motor 15 is applied.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 5-8 the outer housing 38 and the housing 19 have been omitted for purposes of simplification. Here the sealing rotor is partly cylindrical designated by 54 and rotatably joumalled in the cylinder 15 in the cavity 43 oppositely to the low sealing ridge 45. The anvil 21 is provided with diametrically opposed wings 55, 56 of which the shorter wing 55 coacts sealingly with the cylindrical portion of the sealing rotor 54 while the longer wing 56 is arranged to sealingly coact with the low ridge 45. For enabling the sealing rotor 54 during rotation of the cylinder 15 to pass the long wing 56 of the anvil 21, the sealing rotor 54 is provided with an arc shaped recess 57. Centrally in the anvil 21 is rotatably joumalled a relief valve 58 with one or plural diametrical valve passages 59 which during rotation of the relief valve 58 can be aligned with diametrical cross passages 60 in the anvil 21 directed substantially perpendicularly to the diametrical plane in which the wings 55, 56 are disposed.

Between the rear cover piece 17 and the cylinder 15 is inserted an intermediate plate 61 which together with the rear cover piece 17 forms a gear casing for a gear drive consisting of two gears 62, 63 of equal size. One of the gears, 62, is wedged onto a ring shaped rear end portion 64 of the anvil 62 around the valve 58. The other gear 63 is wedged on a pivot 65 which forms part of the sealing rotor 54 and is joumalled in and projects through the intermediate plate 61. When the anvil 21 stands still and the cylinder 15 rotates therearound, the gear 63 rolls on the gear 62 so that the sealing rotor 54 rotates one revolution for each revolution of the cylinder 15 around the anvil 21. I

In the gear casing between the rear end piece 17 and the intermediate plate 61 there is disposed in combination with the gear drive 62, 63 a further gear drive 66, 67 in which one gear 66 is wedged on the pivot 65 and with the ratio 4:3 engages with the other gear 67 which is wedged to the relief valve 58. This arrangement is such as to rotate the valve 58 one fourth of a revolution when the cylinder 15 rotates one revolution. The gear drive 62, 63 and the further gear drive 66, 67 operate independently of each other. That is, while both sets of gears includes one gear wedged on the same pivot 65, they are not inter-meshed with each other and the gear sizes of the various gears can be relatively easily changed to vary the rotational interrelationship of the elements to which the gears are connected.

When the anvil 21 stalls because of the resistance to rotation of the driven fastening means, the cylinder 15 starts to rotate relative to the anvil 21. Let it be supposed that during rotation the position in FIG. 8a is passed and that the cylinder 15 after somewhat more than half a revolution reaches the position in FIG. 8b in which the anvil 21 and the sealing rotor 54 are about to pass the sealing position in the cylinder 15. In that position the long wing 56 of the anvil 21 coacts with the low ridge 45 and the short wing 55 with the periphery of the sealing rotor 54. However, because of the gear drive 66, 67 the valve 58 is simultaneously herewith rotated from the position in FIG. 8a to the position in FIG. 8b so that the cross passages 60 are opened by the valve passages 59 and the cylinder chambers 43, 43 separated in the sealing position are set in free communication with one another. Followingly pressure impulse can arise in the chamber 43. The rotation continues for still half a cylinder revolution to the position in FIG. at which instant the sealing rotor 54 passes the long wing 56 of the anvil. After another half revolution a sealing position is again reached between the cylinder and the anvil 21 in FIG. 8d. As compared to the position in FIG. 8b the relief valve 58 in FIG. 8d has turned half a revolution and closes off the passages 60. A powerful pressure impulse therefore arises in the chamber 43 and the kinetic energy of the cylinder 15 is transmitted into a torque impulse against the anvil 2land the long wing 56 thereof. Similarly to the embodiment in FIGS. 1-4 and via passages not shown in more detail and in this case provided in the cylinder 15, the chambers 43, 43 in this position may be set into communication with one another via a spring loaded check valve 47, FIG. 5, so that the maximum value of the pressure impulse may be adjustably limited. Because of overflow via the check valve 47, compression of the liquid, as well as leakage between the chambers 43, 43", the volume of the liquid in the chamber 43 will decrease so that the cylinder 15 can pass the position shown in FIG. 8b and a new impulse cycle can be started in accordance with the above described sequence.

While in the two above described embodiments a pressure impulse is delivered each second revolution, in the embodiment of FIGS. 9-11 there is had one pressure impulse each third revolution. The impulse motor is in this case in its basic construction substantially equal to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 14 but lacks check valve means. Instead, there is provided a relief valve 69 controlled by the rotation of cylinder 15. The relief valve is rotatably joumalled in the anvil 21 in the diametrical plane which corresponds to the sealing position in the cylinder 15 of the sealing rotor 28 and the anvil 21. Along two thirds of its periphery the relief valve 69 is provided with a pair of axially aligned are shaped recesses 70 while the remaining third is intended for sealing coaction with the high ridge 44. At opposite sides of the relief valve 69 there are provided cross passages 68 in the anvil 21. The relief valve 69 car.- ries internally of the rear cover piece 17 a large gear 71 which with the ratio 3 is driven by the fixed gear 39 of the rear cover piece 17. One revolution of the cylinder 15 corresponds to a turning of the relief valve 69 through a third of a revolution. For the rest, the axle 31 of the sealing rotor 28 in this embodiment is made massive and the sealing rotor 28 is without cross passages 33, 34.

When the anvil 21 stalls in operation because of increasing rotational resistance in the driven .nut, the cylinder l5 will continue its rotation. Let it be supposed that the cylinder 15 after a first revolution reaches a sealing position, FIG. 11a. Through the gear drive 39, 71 during this first revolution the relief valve 69 is turned 120 from a position closing against the high ridge 44 to the position shown in FIG. 11a. The first half of the recesses 70 is disposed at the high ridge 44 so that the chamber 43 is set into communication with the chamber 43 via the cross passages 68 and no pressure impulse arises in the chamber 43. Rotation of the cylinder 15 continues through the next revolution to the sealing position in FIG. 11b in the course of which the relief valve 69 turns a further 120 and the recesses thereof 70 take a position with the second half thereof adjacent the high ridge 44. Communication is thus still established between the chambers 43, 43 and the second cylinder revolution, as well, will fail to produce any pressure impulse. Subsequent to the third cylinder revolution the sealing position in FIG. 1 1c is reached. In that sealing position the relief valve 69 closes the communication between the chambers 43 and 43, the impulse motor 15 delivers a pressure impulse so that a torque impulse is transmitted via the anvil 21 to the spindle 24 and to the socket wrench and nut, not shown. Upon the sealing position in FIG. 110 having been passed, the described impulse cycle is repeated with generation of a pressure impulse every third revolution.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 12-13 the cylinder 15 is provided with an eccentrical cylindrical cavity 43 for the anvil 21. The anvil 21 is provided with a sealing vane 73 which is slidably guided in a diametrical groove 74 in the anvil 21 and is urged by springs 75 which in the groove 74 bear against the rear face of the vane 73, into sealing engagement against the inner surface of the cavity 43. A relief valve 76 provided with a pair of axially aligned arc shaped recesses 77 is rotatably and sealingly guided in the anvil 21 and is connected to the gear 42 in a gear drive made in analogy with the above described gear drive 39, 41, 42 in FIG. 2 of the first embodiment. The relief valve 76 will thus during rotation of the cylinder 15 rotate half a revolution for every full revolution of the cylinder 15. The cylindrical portion of the relief valve 76 coacts sealingly with a ridge 78 provided in the wall of the cavity 43 at a location in which the distance of the ridge 78 to the rotational axis of the cylinder 15' is a minimum. Adjacent the ridge 78 there are provided cross passages or recesses 79 in the wall of the cavity 43.

FIGS. 13a and 13b illustrate the sealing positions of the impulse motor in FIG. 12 subsequent to respectively a first and a second revolution of the cylinder 15 and to the anvil 21 having been stopped because of the resistance of the nut. After a first revolution, FIG. 130, the relief valve 76 has turned through half a revolution and the recess 77 thereof communicates the chamber 43 with the chamber 43". No pressure impulse is thus generated in the chamber 43'. Subsequent to a further cylinder revolution the position of FIG. 13b is reached in which sealing-relation is established between the ridge 78 and the sealing periphery of the relief valve 76. Thus a pressure impulse is generatedin the chamber 43 so that a torque impulse is applied against the anvil 21 and the vane 73. The recesses 79 allow during continuous rotation of the cylinder 15 that the relief valve 76 can be turned to sealing positions without prior thereto disturbing the communication between the chambers 43, 43.

In case the gear drive 39, 42 in FIG. 12 would be replaced by a gear drive with the ratio 4, the impulse motor in FIG. l2, 13 would generate a pressure impulse only each fourth revolution. Sealing relation between the ridge 78 and the periphery of the relief valve 76 because of the length of the recesses 77 is as a matter of fact neither present in the position according to FIG. 13a nor when the plane of symmetry of the recesses 77 takes a a right angular position to the central plane of vane 73 with the recesses 77 directed upwardly or downwardly when viewed in FIGS. 13a and 13b. One impulse cycle would then include four subsequent sealing positions of which the three first cylinder revolutions would result in sealing positions with open communication between the chambers 43 and 43 via the recesses 77 while the fourth revolution of the cylinder 15 would give closed communication at the ridge 78 and the relief valve 76 for purposes of generating a pressure impulse.

I claim: 1 Y

1. An impulse motor comprising a housing;

a rotatable cylinder in said housing, said cylinder having a liquid containing cavity therein;

means in said housing for rotating said cylinder;

an anvil rotatably mounted in said cavity of said cylinder;

a sealing rotor rotatably mounted on said anvil in said cavity about an axis parallel with the longitudinal axis of said cylinder;

gear means coupled between said sealing rotor and said cylinder for rotating said sealing rotor relative to said cylinder, said sealing rotor, at a predetermined position in said cavity, together with said cylinder and said anvil once during each revolution of said cylinder, defining a sealing position for a portion of said cavity of decreasing liquid volume during continued rotation of said cylinder;

at pressure responsive check valve means on said sealing rotor in said cavity, said check valve being movable to relief d closed positions, respectively, for relieving and closing said cavity portion relative to the remainder of said cavity;

said check valve means, in dependence upon the rotation of said cylinder moving to a relief position during a first passage of said sealing rotor past said sealing position whereby said cavity portion is kept relieved in said cavity, and said check valve means moving to a closed position during a subsequent passage of said sealing rotor past said sealing position whereby a pressure impulse is produced in said cavity portion to rotate said anvil.

2. An impulse motor according to claim 1 in which said sealing positions are defined by a pair of diametrically opposed sealing ridges in said cavity one for sealing cooperation with said rotor and the other with said anvil.

3. An impulse motor comprising a housing;

a rotatable cylinder in said housing, said cylinder having a liquid containing cavity therein;

means in said housing for rotating said cylinder;

an anvil rotatably mounted in said cavity of said cylinder;

a sealing vane radially slidably mounted on said anvil within said cylinder;

said sealing vane, at a predetermined position in said cavity, together with said cylinder and said anvil once during each revolution of said cylinder, defining a sealing position for a portion of said cavity of decreasing liquid volume during continued rotation of said cylinder;

a relief valve rotatably mounted on said anvil in said cavity, said relief valve being movable between relief and closed positions, respectively, for relieving and closing said cavity portion relative to the remainder of said cavity; and

gear means coupled between said cylinder and said relief valve for rotating said relief valve first to a relief position during a first passage of said sealing rotor past said sealing position whereby said cavity portion is kept relieved in said cavity, and for rotating said relief valve to a closed position during a subsequent passage of said sealing rotor past said sealing position whereby a pressure impulse is produced in said cavity portion to rotate said anvil.

4. An impulse motor according to claim 3 in which said relief valve on said anvil is disposed in diametrically opposed relation to said vane.

5. An impulse motor comprising a housing;

a rotatable cylinder in said housing, said cylinder having a liquid containing cavity therein;

means in said housing for rotating said cylinder;

an anvil rotatably mounted in said cavity of said cylinder with at least one passage being formed therein between said anvil and cylinder;

a sealing member movably mounted in said cavity on one of said cylinder and anvil;

said sealing member, at a predetermined position in said cavity, together with said cylinder and said anvil and during relative rotation therebetween, defining a sealing position for a portion of said cavity of decreasing liquid volume during continued rotation of said cylinder;

a relief valve rotatably joumalled in said anvil in said cavity,

said relief valve being movable to relief and closed positions, respectively, for relieving and closing said at least one passage thereby relieving and closing said cavity portion relative to the remainder of said cavity; and

gear means, operable independently of said sealing member but in timed relationship with said sealing member, controlling said relief valve in dependence upon the rotation of said cylinder for moving said relief valve to a relief position during a first passage of said sealing member past said sealing position whereby said cavity portion is kept relieved in said cavity, and for moving said relief valve to a closed position during a subsequent passage of said sealing member past said sealing position whereby a pressure impulse is produced in said cavity portion to rotate said anvil.

6. An impulse motor comprising a housing;

a rotatable cylinder in said housing, said cylinder having a liquid containing cavity therein;

means in said housing for rotating said cylinder;

an anvil rotatably mounted in said cavity of said cylinder said anvil having at least one passage thercthrough;

a sealing rotor rotatably mounted on one of said cylinder and anvil in said cavity about an axis parallel with the longitudinal axis of said cylinder;

first gear means coupled between said sealing rotor and one of said cylinder and anvil for rotating said sealing rotor relative to said cylinder and anvil, said sealing rotor, at a predetermined position in said cavity, together with said cylinder, and said anvil once during each revolution of said cylinder, defining a sealing position for a portion of said cavity of decreasing liquid volume during continued rotation of said cylinder; V

a relief valve rotatably joumalled in said anvil in said cavity,

said relief valve being movable to relief and closed positions, respectively, for relieving and closing said at least one passage, thereby relieving and closing said cavity portion relative to the remainder of said cavity; and

second gear means in said cylinder, operable independently of said first gear means but in timed relationship with said sealing rotor, for rotating said relief valve to a relief position during a first passage of said sealing rotor past said sealing position whereby said cavity portion is kept relieved in said cavity, and for rotating said relief valve to a closed position during a subsequent passage of said sealing rotor past said sealing position whereby a pressure impulse is produced in said cavity portion to rotate said an vi].

7. An impulse motor according to claim 6 in which said relief valve includes a valve body rotatably joumalled on said anvil in parallel relation thereto and in communication with said cavity, valve passages in said body for the relief of said portion of said cavity of decreasing liquid volume during continued rotation of said cylinder, and a gear drive between said cylinder and said valve body for rotating said valve body relative to said cylinder thereby controlling said body dependent upon the rotation of said cylinder.

8. An impulse motor according to claim 7 in which said gear drive between said cylinder and said valve body has a ratio producing alternate opening and closing of said cavity portion in said cylinder during sequential passages of said sealing member past said sealing position.

9. An impulse motor according to claim 7 in which said gear drive between said cylinder and said valve body has a ratio producing closing of said cavity portion every third passage of said sealing member past said sealing position.

10. An impulse motor according to claim 7 in which said gear drive between said cylinder and said valve body has a ratio producing closing of said cavity portion every fourth passage of said sealing member past said sealing position.

11. An impulse motor according to claim 7 in which said sealing rotor is rotatably joumalled on said cylinder about an axis parallel therewith, a main gear drive between said anvil and said sealing rotor for rotating said rotor relative to said cylinder and anvil, cross passages in said anvil for the relief of said cavity portion, said valve body being disposed to control said cross passages, and said gear drive of said valve body being connected to said main gear drive.

12. An impulse motor according to claim 11 in which said sealing positions are defined by a sealing ridge in said cavity diametrically opposed to said sealing rotor and for sealing cooperation with said anvil.

13. An impulse motor according to claim 7 in which said sealing rotor is rotatably joumalled on said anvil, a main gear drive between said cylinder and sealing rotor for rotating said rotor relative to said cylinder and anvil, cross passages in said anvil for the relief of said cavity portion, said valve body being disposed to control said cross passages, and said gear drive of said valve body being connected to said main gear drive.

14. An impulse motor according to claim 13 in which said valve body includes a rotatable sealing plug in said anvil disposed in a diametrical plane with said sealing rotor for cyclical sealing cooperation with said cylinder.

15. An impulse motor according to claim 14 in which said sealing positions are defined by a pair of diametrically opposed sealing ridges in said E6ii one for sealing cooperation with said rotor and the other with said plug. 

1. An impulse motor comprising a housing; a rotatable cylinder in said housing, said cylinder having a liquid containing cavity therein; means in said housing for rotating said cylinder; an anvil rotatably mounted in said cavity of said cylinder; a sealing rotor rotatably mounted on said anvil in said cavity about an axis parallel with the longitudinal axis of said cylinder; gear means coupled between said sealing rotor and said cylinder for rotating said sealing rotor relative to said cylinder, said sealing rotor, at a predetermined position in said cavity, together with said cylinder and said anvil once during each revolution of said cylinder, defining a sealing position for a portion of said cavity of decreasing liquid volume during continued rotation of said cylinder; a pressure responsive check valve meaNs on said sealing rotor in said cavity, said check valve being movable to relief and closed positions, respectively, for relieving and closing said cavity portion relative to the remainder of said cavity; said check valve means, in dependence upon the rotation of said cylinder moving to a relief position during a first passage of said sealing rotor past said sealing position whereby said cavity portion is kept relieved in said cavity, and said check valve means moving to a closed position during a subsequent passage of said sealing rotor past said sealing position whereby a pressure impulse is produced in said cavity portion to rotate said anvil.
 2. An impulse motor according to claim 1 in which said sealing positions are defined by a pair of diametrically opposed sealing ridges in said cavity one for sealing cooperation with said rotor and the other with said anvil.
 3. An impulse motor comprising a housing; a rotatable cylinder in said housing, said cylinder having a liquid containing cavity therein; means in said housing for rotating said cylinder; an anvil rotatably mounted in said cavity of said cylinder; a sealing vane radially slidably mounted on said anvil within said cylinder; said sealing vane, at a predetermined position in said cavity, together with said cylinder and said anvil once during each revolution of said cylinder, defining a sealing position for a portion of said cavity of decreasing liquid volume during continued rotation of said cylinder; a relief valve rotatably mounted on said anvil in said cavity, said relief valve being movable between relief and closed positions, respectively, for relieving and closing said cavity portion relative to the remainder of said cavity; and gear means coupled between said cylinder and said relief valve for rotating said relief valve first to a relief position during a first passage of said sealing rotor past said sealing position whereby said cavity portion is kept relieved in said cavity, and for rotating said relief valve to a closed position during a subsequent passage of said sealing rotor past said sealing position whereby a pressure impulse is produced in said cavity portion to rotate said anvil.
 4. An impulse motor according to claim 3 in which said relief valve on said anvil is disposed in diametrically opposed relation to said vane.
 5. An impulse motor comprising a housing; a rotatable cylinder in said housing, said cylinder having a liquid containing cavity therein; means in said housing for rotating said cylinder; an anvil rotatably mounted in said cavity of said cylinder with at least one passage being formed therein between said anvil and cylinder; a sealing member movably mounted in said cavity on one of said cylinder and anvil; said sealing member, at a predetermined position in said cavity, together with said cylinder and said anvil and during relative rotation therebetween, defining a sealing position for a portion of said cavity of decreasing liquid volume during continued rotation of said cylinder; a relief valve rotatably journalled in said anvil in said cavity, said relief valve being movable to relief and closed positions, respectively, for relieving and closing said at least one passage thereby relieving and closing said cavity portion relative to the remainder of said cavity; and gear means, operable independently of said sealing member but in timed relationship with said sealing member, controlling said relief valve in dependence upon the rotation of said cylinder for moving said relief valve to a relief position during a first passage of said sealing member past said sealing position whereby said cavity portion is kept relieved in said cavity, and for moving said relief valve to a closed position during a subsequent passage of said sealing member past said sealing position whereby a pressure impulse is produced in said cavity portion to rotate said anvil.
 6. An impulse motor cOmprising a housing; a rotatable cylinder in said housing, said cylinder having a liquid containing cavity therein; means in said housing for rotating said cylinder; an anvil rotatably mounted in said cavity of said cylinder said anvil having at least one passage therethrough; a sealing rotor rotatably mounted on one of said cylinder and anvil in said cavity about an axis parallel with the longitudinal axis of said cylinder; first gear means coupled between said sealing rotor and one of said cylinder and anvil for rotating said sealing rotor relative to said cylinder and anvil, said sealing rotor, at a predetermined position in said cavity, together with said cylinder, and said anvil once during each revolution of said cylinder, defining a sealing position for a portion of said cavity of decreasing liquid volume during continued rotation of said cylinder; a relief valve rotatably journalled in said anvil in said cavity, said relief valve being movable to relief and closed positions, respectively, for relieving and closing said at least one passage, thereby relieving and closing said cavity portion relative to the remainder of said cavity; and second gear means in said cylinder, operable independently of said first gear means but in timed relationship with said sealing rotor, for rotating said relief valve to a relief position during a first passage of said sealing rotor past said sealing position whereby said cavity portion is kept relieved in said cavity, and for rotating said relief valve to a closed position during a subsequent passage of said sealing rotor past said sealing position whereby a pressure impulse is produced in said cavity portion to rotate said anvil.
 7. An impulse motor according to claim 6 in which said relief valve includes a valve body rotatably journalled on said anvil in parallel relation thereto and in communication with said cavity, valve passages in said body for the relief of said portion of said cavity of decreasing liquid volume during continued rotation of said cylinder, and a gear drive between said cylinder and said valve body for rotating said valve body relative to said cylinder thereby controlling said body dependent upon the rotation of said cylinder.
 8. An impulse motor according to claim 7 in which said gear drive between said cylinder and said valve body has a ratio producing alternate opening and closing of said cavity portion in said cylinder during sequential passages of said sealing member past said sealing position.
 9. An impulse motor according to claim 7 in which said gear drive between said cylinder and said valve body has a ratio producing closing of said cavity portion every third passage of said sealing member past said sealing position.
 10. An impulse motor according to claim 7 in which said gear drive between said cylinder and said valve body has a ratio producing closing of said cavity portion every fourth passage of said sealing member past said sealing position.
 11. An impulse motor according to claim 7 in which said sealing rotor is rotatably journalled on said cylinder about an axis parallel therewith, a main gear drive between said anvil and said sealing rotor for rotating said rotor relative to said cylinder and anvil, cross passages in said anvil for the relief of said cavity portion, said valve body being disposed to control said cross passages, and said gear drive of said valve body being connected to said main gear drive.
 12. An impulse motor according to claim 11 in which said sealing positions are defined by a sealing ridge in said cavity diametrically opposed to said sealing rotor and for sealing cooperation with said anvil.
 13. An impulse motor according to claim 7 in which said sealing rotor is rotatably journalled on said anvil, a main gear drive between said cylinder and sealing rotor for rotating said rotor relative to said cylinder and anvil, cross passages in said anvil for the relief of said cavity portion, said valve body being dispoSed to control said cross passages, and said gear drive of said valve body being connected to said main gear drive.
 14. An impulse motor according to claim 13 in which said valve body includes a rotatable sealing plug in said anvil disposed in a diametrical plane with said sealing rotor for cyclical sealing cooperation with said cylinder.
 15. An impulse motor according to claim 14 in which said sealing positions are defined by a pair of diametrically opposed sealing ridges in said cavity one for sealing cooperation with said rotor and the other with said plug. 